Computer Networks

Syllabus

PDF Resources

Notes

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Every Unit has a toggle called "Resources". It contains links to external resources where some of the concepts are explained.
UNIT 1
Resources
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fundamentals
  • A Computer Network is a set of nodes connected by communication links.
  • A Node is device which can send and receive data
  • Communication links are mediums through which information in transferred. It can be either wired or wireless.
  • Wired : Cable , Wireless : Air
  • A Computer Network is mainly used for resource sharing.
  • The devices which are destination or source are called end devices and devices which forwards data from one side to another side is called intermediary devices .
Basic Components of a Computer Network (CN)
Fault Tolerance
  • Work despite failure
  • Ensure no loss of service
Scalability
  • Grow based on needs
  • Have good performance after growth
Quality of Service
  • Manage data traffic to reduce data loss ,delay etc.
  • Set priorities (what to process first) [VOIP > Email]
Security
  • Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Data Communication Components
Data Communication
  • Exchange of data between two nodes via some form of link such as a cable.
Flow of Networks
  • Simplex (one way) Example : keyboard
  • Half Duplex (both ways but not same time) Example : Walkie-Tolkie
  • Full Duplex (both ways same time) Example : Telephone Line
Protocols
Protocol = Rules (It is a set of rule that govern data communication)
Define
Message
  • Encoding
  • Formatting and encapsulation
  • timing
  • size
  • delivery options (unicast, multicast, broadcast)
Parts of a Network
Nodes
  • End Nodes
  • Intermediate Nodes
Medium
Wired
  • Ethernet straight through (different device)
  • Ethernet crossover (same device)
  • Fiber Optic (light)
  • Coaxial (audio)
  • USB
Wireless
  • Infrared (Remotes)
  • Radio (Bluetooth)
  • Microwaves (Cellular System)
  • Satellite (GPS)
Services
  • Email
  • File sharing
  • VOIP
  • WWW
Classifications
  • LAN(Local Area Network)
  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
  • WAN (Wide Area Network)
Network Topologies (Arrange of nodes in CN)
Parts
Physical
logical
Bus
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Star
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Ring
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Mesh
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Addressing
IP Addressing
  • IP : Internet protocol
  • Every node in network is identified with the help of IP Address
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MAC Addressing
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Port Addressing
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Switching
Types
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Circuit
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Message
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Packet
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Datagram
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Virtual Circuit
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Layered Architecture
  • Decomposing problem into managable components (layers)
  • Provides modular design
  • Easy to troubleshoot
  • Each Layer has its own protocols and governs activities of the data communication
Types of Layered Architectures
OSI Reference Model
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TCP/IP Model
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OSI and TCP/IP Model
OSI
Acronym
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Application layer
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Presentation Layer
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Session Layer
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Transport Layer
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Network Layer
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Data Link Layer
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Framing
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Physical Addressing
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Flow Control
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Error Control
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Access Control
Sub-Layers
Diagram
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Theory
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MAC Sub-layer
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Table
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Physical Layer
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Working
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TCP/IP
OSI vs TCP/IP
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1
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2
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3
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Basic Networking Commands
  • IPCONFIG
  • IPCONFIG/ALL
  • NSLOOKUP
  • PING
  • TRACERT
Networking Devices
Hub
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Switch
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Hub Vs Switch
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Router
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Switch Vs Router
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Repeater
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Bridge
Definition
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Types
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Transmission Media
1
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2
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3
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4
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Techniques for Bandwidth Utilization
Line Configuration
1
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2
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3
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Multiplexing
1
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Time/Wave Division
TDM (no crosstalk)
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FDM (Frequency/Wave)
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Asynchoronous/Synchonous Transmission
Check resources
XDSL
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  • Digital Subscriber Line
Types
ADSL (Asymmetric) [Most Common]
100% Bandwidth
  • 30 Phone Line
  • 70 Internet :
    • 50 Download
    • 20 Upload
SDSL (Symmetric)
100% Bandwidth
  • 30 Phone Line
  • 70 Internet :
    • 35 Download
    • 35 Upload
Wired/Wireless LAN
UNIT 2
Resources
Data Link Layer and Medium Access Sub Layer
Error Detection and Correction
Check the resources toggle for this playlist
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Block Coding
Hamming Distance
Flow Control and Error control protocol
Flow Control Recap
Flow Control
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Stop and Wait
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Stop and Wait ARQ
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Go Back - N ARQ
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Selective Repeat ARQ
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Sliding Window
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Piggybacking
Multiple access protocols
Definitions
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What is ALOHA
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Pure ALOHA
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Slotted ALOHA
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Pure vs Slotted ALOHA
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CSMA
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CSMA/CD
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CDMA/CA
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UNIT 3
UNIT 4
UNIT 5
Application Layer
Domain Name Space (DNS)
EMAIL
SNMP
Bluetooth
Basic concepts of Cryptography