Syllabus
PDF Resources
Notes
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Every Unit has a toggle called "Resources". It contains links to external resources where some of the concepts are explained.
UNIT 1
Resources
Fundamentals
- A Computer Network is a set of nodes connected by communication links.
- A Node is device which can send and receive data
- Communication links are mediums through which information in transferred. It can be either wired or wireless.
- Wired : Cable , Wireless : Air
- A Computer Network is mainly used for resource sharing.
- The devices which are destination or source are called end devices and devices which forwards data from one side to another side is called intermediary devices .
Basic Components of a Computer Network (CN)
Fault Tolerance
- Work despite failure
- Ensure no loss of service
Scalability
- Grow based on needs
- Have good performance after growth
Quality of Service
- Manage data traffic to reduce data loss ,delay etc.
- Set priorities (what to process first) [VOIP > Email]
Security
- Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
Data Communication Components
Data Communication
- Exchange of data between two nodes via some form of link such as a cable.
Flow of Networks
- Simplex (one way) Example : keyboard
- Half Duplex (both ways but not same time) Example : Walkie-Tolkie
- Full Duplex (both ways same time) Example : Telephone Line
Protocols
Protocol = Rules (It is a set of rule that govern data communication)
Define
Message
- Encoding
- Formatting and encapsulation
- timing
- size
- delivery options (unicast, multicast, broadcast)
Parts of a Network
Nodes
- End Nodes
- Intermediate Nodes
Medium
Wired
- Ethernet straight through (different device)
- Ethernet crossover (same device)
- Fiber Optic (light)
- Coaxial (audio)
- USB
Wireless
- Infrared (Remotes)
- Radio (Bluetooth)
- Microwaves (Cellular System)
- Satellite (GPS)
Services
- File sharing
- VOIP
- WWW
Classifications
- LAN(Local Area Network)
- MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
- WAN (Wide Area Network)
Network Topologies (Arrange of nodes in CN)
Parts
Physical
logical
Bus
Star
Ring
Mesh
Addressing
IP Addressing
- IP : Internet protocol
- Every node in network is identified with the help of IP Address
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MAC Addressing
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Port Addressing
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Switching
Types
Circuit
Message
Packet
Image
Datagram
Virtual Circuit
Layered Architecture
- Decomposing problem into managable components (layers)
- Provides modular design
- Easy to troubleshoot
- Each Layer has its own protocols and governs activities of the data communication
Types of Layered Architectures
OSI Reference Model
TCP/IP Model
OSI and TCP/IP Model
OSI
Acronym
Application layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Framing
Physical Addressing
Flow Control
Error Control
Access Control
Sub-Layers
Diagram
Theory
MAC Sub-layer
Table
Physical Layer
Working
TCP/IP
OSI vs TCP/IP
1
2
3
Basic Networking Commands
- IPCONFIG
- IPCONFIG/ALL
- NSLOOKUP
- PING
- TRACERT
Networking Devices
Hub
Switch
Hub Vs Switch
Router
Switch Vs Router
Repeater
Bridge
Definition
Types
Transmission Media
1
2
3
4
Techniques for Bandwidth Utilization
Line Configuration
1
2
3
Multiplexing
1
Time/Wave Division
TDM (no crosstalk)
FDM (Frequency/Wave)
Asynchoronous/Synchonous Transmission
Check resources
XDSL
- Digital Subscriber Line
Types
ADSL (Asymmetric) [Most Common]
100% Bandwidth
- 30 Phone Line
- 70 Internet :
- 50 Download
- 20 Upload
SDSL (Symmetric)
100% Bandwidth
- 30 Phone Line
- 70 Internet :
- 35 Download
- 35 Upload
Wired/Wireless LAN
UNIT 2
Resources
Watch Video 42 - 55 which covers framing methods and error correction/detection. Splendid explanation ⭐ [ 1rst half of Unit 2 ]
Watch Video 57-73 : covering Data Link Protocols and Multiple Access Protocols [ 2nd half of Unit 2 ]
Data Link Layer and Medium Access Sub Layer
Error Detection and Correction
Check the resources toggle for this playlist
Block Coding
Hamming Distance
Flow Control and Error control protocol
Flow Control Recap
Flow Control
Stop and Wait
Stop and Wait ARQ
Go Back - N ARQ
Selective Repeat ARQ
Sliding Window
Piggybacking
Multiple access protocols
Definitions
What is ALOHA
Pure ALOHA
Slotted ALOHA
Pure vs Slotted ALOHA
CSMA
CSMA/CD
CDMA/CA
UNIT 3
Resources
Watch Video 34 - 55 for 1rst half of Unit 3
Network Layer
IP Classes
Classless addressing CIDR
1
Logical Addressing
Inter-Networking
Network Routing Algorithms
UNIT 4
Resources
Watch video 56 - 66 for 50-60% of Unit 4